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234 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 

R5 H67 
opy 1 



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INGTON MONUMENT 



CAl'ITOL SQUARE, RICHMOND, VA 







.i-r:'-. 



A.-'^" 

.^ >-'""" 



RlOGltAPHICAL SKETCHES 



Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, Patrick Henry, George 
Mason, Thomas Nelson and Andrew Lewis, 

ALSO 

A Brief Notice of the Houdon Statue of Washington, 
with the inscription on the pedestal thereof- 



W. A. R. NYE, WHIG BUILDING, 

KICHMOND, VA. 
1869. 



The undersigned It aye Leased this 

TZMST CJ.A$$ »5>T:e«., 

IjOC.A.T'KD ON MA.IN SXRP3E 1% 

Within one square of the Capitol, Post Office, Custom Hotise^ 
Theatre, and the Northern and Southern Railroad Depots. 



It has been thoroughly Renovated anr] Kefurnished, 

Rendering it Second to no House North or South 



The travelling j)nMic are oorflially invited t<Mnake the Sp«>TS- 
wooD their ])oine, where thev will find (-vt-ry comfort and deli- 
cacy that this and other naarkets can afl->rd. 



SOUTHERN EXPRESS AJVD TtLEGRAFH OFFICES IN THE BUILDING. 



JAMES M.SUBLETT, C CLUCK, WILLIAM B. BISHOP. 
I> R O F li I K T O » . 8 . 






THE WASHOGTON MONUMENT. 



ITS ORIGIN, PROGRESS AND COMPLETION. 

In the Virginia House of Delegates, on the 12th of February, 
1816, Mr. Charles F. Mercer ottered resolutions which were 
adopted, providing for the removal of the remains of Wash- 
ington from Mount Vernon to the capital of Virginia for re-inter- 
raent "beneath a monument to be erei-ted at the public expense, 
and to serve as a mennn-ial to future ages of the love of a grate- 
ful people" ; and instituting a system of collections throughout 
the Commonwealth for the pur[)0se of raising a "Monument 
Fund." 

The Hon. Bushrod "Washington withheld his assent to the 
proposed transfer of the remains of his illustrious uncle, but 
the collections were proceeded with, and in the course of two 
years the sura of thirteen thousand dollars was donated, in 
small amounts, and paid into the State treasury, where it 
remained until the 22d of February, 1828, when the General 
Assembly caused it to be invested. Rendered thus productive, 
the fund increased in twenty years to upwards of forty thousand 
dollars. 

In 1848-9 the proposed Monument engaged the attention of 
the "Historical Society of Virginia," and a committee of that 
organization was appointed to draft a petition to the General 
Assembly, appealing to that bodj'' "to provide for the speedy 
erection of a suitable Monument to the Father of his Country." 
This duty was efficiently performed by the committee. The 
petition was signed by Messrs. B. B. Minor, "W. H. Macfarland, 



James Lyons and Isaac S. Tinsley. It was presented in the 
House of Delegates on the 5th of February, 1849, by Mr. Henry 
W. Thomas, and referred to a special committee. 

This committee reported a ])ill, which was considered and 
passed by both Houses on the 22d of February, 1849. It pro- 
vided — 

1st. Tliat the Governor should appoint commissioners to pro- 
cure models, estimates, &c., of the proposed Monument. 

2d. For the reception of additional donations to the " Monu- 
ment Fund." 

;)d. Tliat the structure of the Monument be commenced and 
continued without further delay. 

4th. That when said "'fund" was expended, any additional sum 
required be paid out of the public treasury, the total expendi- 
ture not to exceed one hundred thousand dollars. The Monu- 
ment to be erected on the Capitol Square. 

In pursuance of the first section of the act, Governor J. B. 
Floyd appointed the following commissioners : TTni. F. Ritchie, 
George "Wythe Munford, "William Maxwell, James M. AVickham, 
Thomas T. Giles, Nathaniel M. Martin and John M. Botts. 

Messrs. llitchie, Munford and Maxwell met on the IGth of 
October in the Governor's office, and resolved to offer a premium 
of five hundred dollars for the best plan or design for the 
Monument. Messrs. Giles and Martin were present at subse- 
quent meetings. Messrs. "\Yiclvham and Botts did not attend its 
sessions. 

Forty- one designs and models were submitted. The exami- 
nation wiis commenced on the 8th of .January, 1850, and con- 
tinued at intervals until the first of February, when, on motion 
of Mr. Ritchie, the model submitted by Thomas Crawford, of 
Rome, was selected. Mr. Maxwell voted in the negative. The 
selection was concurred in by a majority of the Executive 
Council, Messrs. John M. Patton and .Tohn F. "Wylie approvin«^ 
•and Mr. Raleigh T. Daniel dissenting. 



;3 

On the Ith of February the commissionerfs selected the site 
of the Monument. At the same meeting they considered what 
statues Avcre appropriate to be placed around the Monument 
to carry out the design of the architect. The names of Jef- 
erson, Henry, Marshall, Morgan and General Henry Lee and 
an allegorical figure of Virginia were selected. On the 12th of 
February Mr. Maxwell resigned his office of commissioner. 

The ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the Monument 
took place on the 22d day of February, 1850. Zachary Taylor, 
President of the United States, and other prominent dignitaries 
were present by invitation of the Legislature. The bed-stone 
for the corner was furnished by the James River and Kanawha 
Company, and the cap-stone by the Richmond and DanTiUe 
Railroad Company. 

On the 27th of June articles of agreement with Crawford 
were entered into. The contract stipulated that the equestrian 
group, in bron/e, should be fifteen English feet from the upper 
surface of the platform to the top of the chapeau, and that the 
pedestrian statues should be ten English feet in height. Two 
shields, representing the coat-of-arms of Virginia, were included 
in the contract. [These shields are stored in the basement of 
the Capitol.] 

The granite work was contracted for by Messrs. John A. Tem- 
ple & Co. *R. Mills, of Washington, was employed as architect, 
and 0. H. Rand superintendent. In 1852 the contract with 
Temple & Co. was vacated by mutual consent, and the comple- 
tion of the work undertaken on State account, with Mr. Henry 
W. Herbert as superintendent. The services of Mr. Mills 
were then dispensed with. Mr. Herbert held his office until 
the completion of the granite superstructure in November, 
1854. 

Messrs. W. F, Ritchie, Gustavus A. Myers and George "W, 
Munford were appointed by Governor Johnson commissioners 
"to superintend the structure of the Monument." 



The statiK's of Jcftbr.son and Henry were brouglit to tlio 
Square on tlie 15th of August, 1855. 

On the Ifith of October the new Board of Commissioners 
revised the selection of names for tlie sub-statuary. Andrew 
Lewis was substituted for Morgan, James Monroe for General 
Lee, and James Madison for the allegorical figure. 

On the 25th of Marcli following, the commissioners substi- 
tuted George Mason and Thomas Nelson for the ex-Presidents. 

On the 10th of October, 1857, Crawford died at London, after 
completing models of all the statuary except Lewis and Nelson 
and the "trophies." He had formed, but not perfected, the 
model of Lewis. The Commissioners contracted with Randolph 
Rogers, of New York, for the completion of the work. All of 
the statues were cast at the royal foundry at Munich. 

The equestrian group arrived in the dock in November, 1857, 
and was hauled to the Square by the citizens on the 24:th. It 
was erected, with the statues of Henry and Jefferson, under 
the direction of Captain Charles Dimmock, and unveiled on 22d 
February, 1858, with appropriate ceremonies. 

The statue of Mason was received and erected early in 1860. 
From that time until the close of the late war the Monument 
remained in statu quo. 

On the 23d February, 1807, the statue of Marshall was 
received. Messrs. ^Y. ^Y. Crump and Robert Ould were ap- 
pointed commissioners in place of Messrs. Ritchie and Munford, 
who had ceased to reside in the city. Mr. AVm. B. Myers was 
appointed an additional commissioner. 

The statue of Marshall was elevated to its pedestal by Mr. 
Henry Exall on the 4th of March ; Lewis, on the 2Gth Septem- 
ber, and Nelson on 27th September, 18G7. 

The two allegorical statues designated '• Justice "' and '* Rev- 
olution" were erected August 17, 1868 ; "Colonial Times" and 
"Bill of Rights," December 15, 1868 ; "Finance," June 15, 
1809; "Lidependence," June 24,1869. With the erection of 
ilic latter, the ''Monument" was completed. 



Tlie following shows the disposition of tlio statuary, and the 
inscriptions on the shields of the allegorical figures. 
rinance. opposll. Nelson |J„7^';;,»^"- 

CoIonl.lTl,n« •• Lewis | r«j.J'..^«".. 

Marshal, ^«-;»S- 
R.ro,u.ion " "enry J ^J^- ^O"'*'- 

Independence " Jefferson \ pjHSel"™"""' 

Bill of Right, .. «»-n|«;;;^^-''„t"''>''-- 

The total cost of the Monument was 8250,913 26 of which 
$204,208 were expended before the war, in gold or its equivalent. 
The amount of disbursements since the war has been increased 
several thousand dollars by the payment of premium on gold. 
The total amount realized from donations and the interest 
accruing thereon was $47,212.67. 



GEORGE WASHINGTON. 



The statue of "Washington, in the capilol, was the work of 
Jean Antoine lloudon, a French sculptor. It was made at 
Paris, by order of the Virginia Assembly, under the direction 
of Jefferson, a few years after the close of the Revolution. 
The inscription, by James Madison, on the pedestal, is as 
follows : 

"George Washixctox. 

"The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia 
have caused this statue to be erected as a monument of atfec- 
tion and gratitude to George "Washixgtox, who, uniting to the 
endowments of the hero the virtues of the patriot, and exerting 
both in establishing the liberties of his country, has rendered 
his name dear to his fellow-citizens and given the world an 
immortal example of true glory. Done in the year of Christ 
one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, and in the year 
of the Commonwealth, the twelfth." 



THOMAS JEFFERSON. 



\ 



Thomas Jekfkksox was born at Shadwell, in Albemarle county, 
Virginia, on the 2d of April, 1743. His ancestors were among 
the early settlers of Virginia. He graduated with distinction at 
William and Mary, studied law under the celebrated George 
Wythe, was admitted to the bar in 17Go, and was soon after 
elected a delegate to the Legislature from Albemarle. He 
made an unsuccessful effort in that ])ody for the emancipation 
of the slaves in Virginia. 

In 1773 Mr. Jefferson cooperated prominently in the formation 
of committees of correspondence between the Colonial Legis- 
latures. He published **A Summary View of the Rights of 
British America," for which Lord Dunmore threatened to prose- 
cute him on a charge of high treason. In 1775 he was elected 
to the General Congress, at Philadelphia, and in the following 
year, as chairman of the committee, he drafted the Dedaraiion 
of Independence, which, after a few alterations, was adopted by 
Congress on the Ith of July, 177G. 

He shortly after resigned his seat in Congress, and being 
elected to the first Legislature under the new Constitution of 
Virginia, took a leading part in remodelling the laws of the 
Colonial Government, and was the author of the statute estab- 
lishing religious freedom in Virginia. In June, 1779, he was 
elected Governor of Virginia, and was reelected next year. It 
was a period of imminent peril ; the State was invaded by 
Arnold and Tarleton, and he himself made the object of parti- 
cular pursuit. At the expiration of his terra the Legislature 
unanimously adopted a resolution expressive of their high 
opinion of his ability and integrity. 

In June, 1783, he was elected to Congress, where he drafted 
a plan of government for tlie western territory, whicli was 
adopted with a few amendments. He also proposed the present 
decimal system of United States coinage. In the summer of 
1784 he was sent as minister plenipotentiary to France, and ren- 



dered valuable sorvicos to his country. In 17n9, having returned 
to the United States, he v/as appointed Secretary of State under 
AYashington. He resigned this position in ITOli and returned to 
Monticello. In 17!)7 he was elected Vice President of the 
United States. During his tenure of that office he drafted the 
celebrated " Kentucky Resolutions of 17".)S."' 

In 1800 Jefferson was elected President, with Aaron Burr as 
Vice President, llis administration embraces a long and inte- 
resting period in the history of our country. The most impor- 
tant measure was the purchase of Louisiana. So much was his 
administration approved that he was reelected Pre.'^ident for a 
second term by a very large majority. At the expiration of 
this term his political career closed. lie had been engaged, 
almost without interruption, for forty years, in the most arduous 
public duties. From this time until his death, he resided at 
Monticello. The establishment of the University of Virginia 
was with him a favorite scheme. Tlie Legislature ajiproved of 
his plan and appointed him rector. 

Mr. .Jefferson died July 4t]i, ls2i;. at the age of eigbty-tliree 
years. lie v\'as distinguished for benevolence and liberality as 
well as for his intellectual i)Owers. In person he was six feet two 
inches in height, erect and well formed, though thin. 



JOHN MAKSIIALL. 



.JouN Makshai^i. was b^rn in Fauijuier county, Virginia, Sep- 
tember 24th, 1755. lie commenced the study of law at the age 
of eighteen, but before obtaining a license to practice, the war 
for independence commenced, and young Marshall joined a 
volunteer company, of which he was elected lieutenant. His 
father was major of the regiment. It marched promptly to 
Eastern Virginia, and took an important part in the battle of 
Great Bridge. In May, 1777, Marshall was promoted to a cap- 



s 

Jaiiicy in the Continental .service. He was in the battles of 
Brandywine and Monmouth, and shared the liardships and suf- 
ferings of the troops at Valley Forge. He acted frequently as 
Deputy Judge Advocate, at this period, and secured the warm 
regard of General "Washington. 

In the winter of 1779 he was sent to Virginia to take charge 
of the new levies Y^ropo.sed to he raised by authority of the 
Legislature; and availed himself of the opportunity to prose- 
cute his law studies. In the summer of 1780 he was licensed 
to practice law, but returne(f to the army and continued in 
service until the termination of Arnold's invasion. He then 
resigned his commi.ssiou. After the surrender of Cornwallis 
Mr. Marshall commenced the practice of law, and soon gained 
distinction at the bar. 

In 1782 lie was elected to the Legislature from FcUKjuier 
county, and in the same year was appointed one of the Executive 
Council. He resigned the latter position in 1784 and fixed his 
residence in Richmond. In 1787 he represented Henrico county 
in the Legislature and took a conspicuous part in the political 
debates of that period. He was a member of the Convention 
which ratified the Federal Con.stitution, and was one of the 
ablest defenders of that instrument. He afterwards served in 
the General Assembly, for several sessions, as delegate from 
the city of Richmond. His .speech in defence of Jay's treaty, 
says Judge Story, " was one of the ablest efforts of his genius" 
and "displayed his vast powers of reasoning with the most 
gratifying success." 

In 171)8 Mr. Marshall, with Messrs. Pinckney and Gerry, was 
sent by President Adams as envoy extraordinary to Paris. On 
his return he was honored with an ovation in New York. A 
public dinner was given to him by both Houses of Congress 
"as an evidence of their grateful approbation of the patriotic 
firmness with which he sustained the dignity of his country during 
liis im])ortant mission." In the following year he was elected 



to Congress, and was rccogni/ed as the federal leader in the 
House ©f Representatives. 

In ISOO he was appointed Secretary of State by President 
Adams. On the 31st January, ISOl, he was appointed Chief 
.Tustice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The 
Senate unanimously confirmed the appointment, and thus com* 
menced that long and illustrious judicial career Avhich has made 
the name of John Marshall so widely honored. In 1829 he was 
a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution, 
and during the session delivered a speech regarded as an unri- 
valled specimen of lucid and conclusive reasoning. He held 
the office of Chief Justice until the close of his life. He died 
at Philadelphia on the 6th of July, is:?."). 



PATRICK HENRY. 



Patrick Hexry was born on the 29th of May, 1786, in Hanover 
county, Virginia. Having failed in farming and mercantile 
pursuits, he resorted to the bar, but obtained scarcely any 
practice until his twenty-seventh year, when he was employed 
as counsel for defendants, in an important test suit, styled 
^the parsons' cause," instituted by the clergy of the Estab- 
lished Church for the recovery of certain dues claimed to have 
been wrongfully withheld from them. The trial took place at 
Hanover Courthouse and resulted in tlie ccmiplete discomfiture 
of the plaintiffs. Henry's eloquence on this occasion "blended 
the beauty of the rainbow with the terror of the cataract." 
The clergy retired amid a storm of invective, and at the close 
of the speech the orator was lifted up and borne from the 
courthouse in triumph on the shoulders of his delighted ad- 
mirers. Henry rose at once to the front rank of his profession 
and acquired profit as well as fame. 



10 

In 1765 he was elected a member of the House of Burgesses, 
where he introduced his celebrated resolutions against the 
"Stamp Act," which were adopted by one majority, after a 
stormy debate. It was in the midst of this debate that Henry 
exclaimed, in tones of thunder : " Ca2sar had his Brutus, Charles 
the First his Cromwell, and George the Third" — ("Treason," 
cried the speaker — "Treason, treason," resounded from every 
part of the house. Henry, rising to a loftier attitude, witli un- 
faltering voice and unwavering eye fixed on the speaker, finished 
the sentence) — "may profit by the example. If this be treascm 
make the most of it." 

Henceforth Mr. Henry was the "i 01" of the people of Vir- 
ginia, and his influence as one of tiie champions of Liberty 
extended throughout America. He continued to occupy a seat 
in the House of Burgesses, and to lead the spirit of opposition 
to British tyranny. In 1774 he was sent as a delegate from 
Virginia to the first Colonial Congress. In the following year 
he was a member of the Convention which met at St. .John's 
Church, in Richmond. He proposed that the "colony be 
immediately put in a state of defence." The proposition was 
warmly opposed as precipitate and ill-ad\ ised. Henry's speech, 
in reply, was one of extraordinary eloquence and power. He 
closed with the memorable exclamation: "I know not what 
course others may take, but as for me — rjicc me liberty, or give 
me death'.' The resolutions were i)assed without a dissenting 
voice. 

Soon after the seizure of the gunpowder at Williamsburg by 
Lord Dunmore, in April, 1775, Henry summoned the Hanover 
volunteers, and marching towards tlie (then) capital, compelled 
Dunmore's agent to pay the value of the powder. In June, 
Dunmore fled from Williamsburg, and in July a provisional 
government was organized at Richmond. Henry was elected 
colonel of the first regiment and commander of all the forces 
to be enrolled. 

In 1770 he was elected the./fr.v/ Governor of the Commonwealth, 
and filled the office until 1770. when he was ineligible under the 



11 

Couslitution. He served in the Legislature until the end of the 
war, when he was again elected Governor and served until 1786, 
when he resigned. In 1788 he was a raemher of the Convention 
which ratified tlie Federal Constitution. He opposed its ratifi- 
cation. In 1794 Henry retired from the bar. In the following 
year Washington appointed him Secretary of State, hut he 
declined the appointment, as he did that of envoy to France, 
offered him by Mr. Adams, and that of Governor, tendered in 
1796. He died in Charlotte county on the 6th of June, 1799. 



GEORGE MASON. 



Georgk Masox, author of the first written Constitution of a 
free Commonwealth ever framed, was born in 1726, at " Doeg 
Neck," on the Potomac, then in Stafford, now in Fairfax county, 
Virginia. In the year 1766 he concluded a letter to the London 
merchants on the repeal of the stamp act, as follows : 

" Those arc the sentiments of a man who spends most of his 
time in retirement, and has seldom meddled in public affairs ; 
who enjoys a moderate, but independent fortune and content 
with the blessings of a private station, equally disregards the 
smiles and the frowns of the great." 

His complexion was swarthy, his face grave, with a radiant 
dark eye, his raven hair sprinkled with gray ; his aspect rather 
foreign; nearly six feet in stature; of a large athletic frame, 
and active step. His presence was commanding, his bearing 
lofty. He was a systematic and prosperous planter, and devoted 
his leisure to study. 

In 1769, when Governor Botetourt dissolved the House of 
Burgesses for passing resolutions "vindicating the rights of the 
colonies," an informal meeting of the Burgesses was held at the 



12 

*' Kaleigh" tavern, in Williamsburg. George AVashington pre- 
sented a non-importation agreement which was unanimously 
adopted. This agreement was drawn by Mr. Mason, who, not 
yet a member of the Assembly, was not present at the meeting. 

Mason was a member of the *' Committee of Safety," orga- 
nized to take charge of the executive interests of the colony, 
by the Convention which met at Richmond in July, 1775. He 
would have been elected a delegate to Congress but for the 
declaration that he could not possibly attend. Upon the resig- 
nation of Colonel Bland, the determination of the Convention 
to elect him to fill the vacancy was so obvious that Mr. Mason 
was constrained to make known the grounds of his refusal to 
serve, *'in doing which," he says, "I felt more distressed than 
■ever I was in my life, especially when I saw tears run down the 
President's (Randolpl) cheeks." The cause of Mr. Mason's 
declining to serve was the recent death of his wife, leaving a 
large family of children. lie nominated Col. Francis Lightfoot 
Lee, \%ho was elected. Mr. Mason begged permission to resign 
his position on the "Committee of Safety," but was answered 
by an unanimous "no!" 

In 1776 the Convention, then in session at Williamsburg, 
appointed a committee of thirty-four to prepare a declaration 
■of rights and a plan of government. They were both drafted by 
George Mason, and presented to the Conventicn by Archibald 
Cary, chairman of the committee. The Convention adopted 
both instruments in advance of the Declaration of Independence. 

Mr. Madison pronounced Mason the ablest debater he had 
■ever seen. As a speaker he was rather devoid of rhetorical 
grace, but was earnest and impressive. He was preeminent in 
an age of great men for his extensive information, enlarged 
views, profound wisdom and the pure simplicity of his repub- 
lican principles. He was at first opposed to the movement for 
securing the independence of the colonies, but at length assumed 
the boldest position and maintained it. 

Mr. Jefferson said that he was "of the first order of wisdom 
among those who act^d in the theatre of the Revolution, of ex- 



13 

pansive mind, profound judgment, cogent in argument, learned 
in the lore of our former Constitution, and earnest for the- 
republican change on democratic principles." 

This eminent Virginian died at his seat, " Gunston Hall," in 
tlie autumn of 1792. 



THOMAS NEL30IS'. 



Thomas Nelson was born at York, Virginia, on the 26th of 
December, 1738. He was sent at the age of fifteen to England, 
where he remained six years for the completion of his education. 
His first appearance in public life was in 1774 as a member of 
the House of Burgesses. He was a member of the Conventions 
of 1774 and 1775, and evinced great boldness in his denunciation 
of British tyranny. In the military organization of Virginia he 
was appointed to the command of a regiment. In 1775-'6 he 
was a member of the Continental Congress, and signed the 
Declaration of Independence. In the summer of 1777 ill health 
compelled him to resign his seat in Congress and return to 
Virginia. The State was at that time threatened with invasion, 
and Nelson was appointed brigadier general and commander-in- 
chief of all its military forces. His popularity was unbounded , 
and his appointment gave universal satisfaction. 

At this period the American cause seemed threatened with 
defeat, and Congress made an appeal to the young men of 
property and standing. General Nelson responded with his 
characteristic ardor. He published an animating address and 
succeeded in enlisting about seventy young Virginians in a 
volunteer corps, with whom he marched to the North, but a 



14 

change of circumstances occurring their services were not 
required. In this enterprise General Nelson expended large 
iuni.s of money which were never repaid. 

Pearly in 1779 he was again for a short time in Congress, but 
ill health again compelled him to return to Virginia. In 1780, 
when the State undertook to borrow two millions of dollars 
for the aid of Congress, General Nelson opened a subscription. 
Calling on several friends, they declined to lend a shilling ou 
the security of the Commonwealth, but offered to lend him all 
they could raise, whereupon he added his own personal security 
to that of the State, and succeeded in raising a large proportion 
of the sum required. By this and similar patriotic exertions he 
suffered severe pecuniary losses, but never relaxed his zeal in 
the cause. In 1781, when the storm of war burst upon Virginia, 
General Nelson was actively employed in etiecting plans to 
oppose the enemy, and succeeding Mr. Jefferson as Governor, 
he united in himself the two offices of governor and commander 
of the military forces. By great efforts Governor Nelson 
kept his forces together until the surrender of Cornwallis. To 
do this he exerted his personal influence, his official authority 
and his private fortune to the utmost extent. After the sur- 
render at Yorktown, General Washington, in his report, made 
an acknowledment of the valuable services of Governor Nelson 
and the militia under his command during the siege in securing 
that important result. 

In a month after that event Governor Nelson was compelled, 
by impaired health, to retire again to private life, where malice 
and envy prefevred base accusations against him for mal- 
administration of his office. But he was honorably exculpated 
by the Legislature. He never again entered public life. His 
time was passed in retirement at his plantations in Hanover 
and at York. His health gradually declining he died in Hanover, 
January 4th, 1789. 



ANDREW LEWIS. 

Andrew Lewis was born in the province of Ulster, Ireland, 
about the year 1730, and was brought ^o Virginia, in early child- 
hood by his lather, John Lewis, who settled in Augusta county, 
and founded the town of Staunton. Andrew entered the 
military service of the colony at the commencement of the 
French and Indian war, and was with "Washington at the capitu- 
lation of Fort Necessity, July 6th, 1754. He was promoted to 
the rank of major and in 1756 commanded the abortive *' Sandy 
Creek Expedition" against the Shawnces. He accompanied 
Major Grant, of the British army, on his disastrous reconnois- 
sance of Fort Duquesne, in 175S, and acquired during that 
campaign the highest reputation for courage and prudence. He 
was captured by the enemy and kept as a prisoner at Fort 
Duquesne until that post was abandoned by the French. 

After the war Major Lewis resided on the Roanoke, in Bote- 
tourt county. In 1774, while representing that county in the 
House of Burgesses, hostilities were renewed between the 
whites and Indians on the western frontier. Lewis was ap- 
pointed brigadier-general by Governor Dun more and assigned 
to the command of the forces raised in Botetourt, Augusta and 
adjoining counties. General Lewis marched his troops to Point 
Pleasant, at the junction of the Great Kanawha with the Ohio, 
and on the 10th of October, 1774, gained a victory over the 
most formidable Indian force that ever assembled within the 
limits of the Old Dominion. The Indians were led by the cele- 
brated Cornstalk. 

Washington had so high an opinion of the bravery and military- 
skill of General Lewis that, at the commencement of the Revo- 
lutionary war, he recommended him to Congress as one of the 
major-generals of the American army. It is also said that 
when Washington was commissioned as commander-in-chief he 
expressed the wish, that the appointment had been given to 
General Lewis. Congress did not appoint Lewis a major* 



16 

general — a slight which elicited from "Washington a letter to 
General Lewis expressive of his regret at the course pursued 
by Congress. At his solicitation Lewis accepted the commission 
of brigadier-general, and was soon after ordered to the com- 
mand of the Virginia troops stationed near Williamsburg. On 
the 9th of July, 1776, he expelled Lord Dunmore from his 
retreat on Gwynn's Island (on the Chesapeake, east of Mathews 
county.) General Lewis resigned his command in 1780 to return 
home, being V\ with a fever, contracted in the low country. He 
died on his way, in Bedford county, about forty miles from his 
own house on the Roanoke, lamented by all acquainted with his 
meritorious serriccs and superior qualities. 

General Lewis was upwards of six feet in stature, of uncom- 
mon activity and strength, and of a form of exact symmetry. 
His countenance was stern, his deportment reserved, and his 
presence commanding. Clad in his fringed hunting shirt, and 
carrying his long rifle, Lewis was an accurate type of a race of 
men, who, in the obstinate struggle of the Revolution, bore 
"the heat and burden of the day." "When he was a commis- 
sioner on behalf of Virginia at the treaty of Fort Stanwix, in 
New York, in 17GS, the Governor of that colony remarked of 
him that " the earth seemed to tremble under him as he walked 
.Hlong." 



#^^'!' '% 




■^mnumyo, iwmms^i. 



The undersigned, proprietor of the Exchange Ho- 
tel, announces that he has leased the 

BALLAIB HOUSE, 

Immediately opposite, and from this date, both 
Houses will be conducted under his management as 
proprietor of the same. 

The two houses will be conDected a8 in former years by a 
covered bridge, so as to form practically one establishment. 
The union of these two hotels, so long and favorabley known, 
will enable the undersigned to otfer greatly increased accom- 
modations to the trivelling public, and he can confidently say 
that no more commodious, complete or attractive establishment 
can be found in any part of the Southern States. 

J. L. CARRINGTON. 

Referring to the above card, I take pleasure in saying, that 
in retiring from the mnnagement of the BALLARD HOUSE, 1 
cordially recommend my successor, Mr. J. L. CARRINGTON, 
and trust that he may continue to receive the patronage of my 
friends and the public, which for the past twenty years has I 
been so liberally extended to me. JOHN P. BALLARD. 

October 21, 1869. 




.*t fin . 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




010 920 379 SW 



SitnoleD in tl?e ^mxl of the €ifn, tomraanbing tijc ; 
finest inei\?«D, aii^ adjoins t\)c QIapitoi \ 

itlanoion. i 

This splendid Ni«:w Hotil— tl.o ovry one situated in tlie taf;)i- 
ionable portioD of the Citj'.and ndJMinir: th«' hcautiful CAPiTfi, 
Park, wiih its Statuary, ]\ToTinme^its, F</U twins und Flower 
Beds — is nevvl}'^ and elegatitly funiisl.ed tiir< ligliout, and its Bill 
of Fare is not extellid in qiiaVMV i^nri variety by p.ny honsn in i 
the State. ' . ^ ^ 

Special suits of rof^nip always ready un- AV» dding and 1 arrro 
Travelling Parties. The jmi ai.genu).'!': are first-elass in ev, 
respcrr. T!ie |>ric(^ of Ij'^r.rd iias been fixed — owing totliegi. 
• 'f money — at the rcasoiuibic suir. of 

The patronage oi" mv r-iLi.ds and the travenirjr public, and 
are solicited. The; .d to make FORD'S HOTEL 

their home. 

A. J. FORD, Proprietor, 

Late one of the Propxieioi'S of the Exchange Hotel. 

HIGHMOND. VIRGINIA. 

P. S. — My Coaches run to and from all depots and steamboat 
landings. 



